{"id":326,"date":"2022-04-27T11:16:49","date_gmt":"2022-04-27T08:16:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gs-art.ro\/?page_id=326"},"modified":"2024-08-21T10:23:11","modified_gmt":"2024-08-21T07:23:11","slug":"francisco-goya","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/gs-art.ro\/ro\/virtual-exhibitions\/francisco-goya\/","title":{"rendered":"Francisco Goya \u2013 Expozi\u021bie de gravur\u0103"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"vc_row wpb_row row top-row text-center vc_row-o-content-middle vc_row-flex\"><div class=\"vc_column_container col-md-2\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper vc_column-inner\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vc_column_container col-md-8\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper vc_column-inner\">\n\t<div class=\"wpb_raw_code wpb_content_element wpb_raw_html\" >\n\t\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<iframe width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/d7mntklkfre1v.cloudfront.net\/virtual-exhibitions\/?i=3074\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<div class=\"porto-separator\"><hr class=\"separator-line  align_center\" style=\"background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, transparent, grey, transparent); background-image: linear-gradient(to right, transparent, grey, transparent);width:80%;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vc_column_container col-md-2\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper vc_column-inner\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vc_row wpb_row row top-row\"><div class=\"vc_column_container col-md-2\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper vc_column-inner\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vc_column_container col-md-8\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper vc_column-inner\">\n\t<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\" >\n\t\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" class=\" translation-block\"><strong>Francisco Jos\u00e9 de Goya y Lucientes<\/strong> s-a n\u0103scut la 30 martie 1746, \u00een Fuendeodos, \u00een apropiere de Zaragoza, provincia Aragon, \u00eentr-o familie din clasa mijlocie inferioar\u0103. Dup\u0103 ce a \u00eenv\u0103\u021bat s\u0103 scrie \u0219i s\u0103 citeasc\u0103, la v\u00e2rsta de 14 ani a \u00eenceput o ucenicie de 4-5 ani la un pictor, \u0219i anume Jose Luzan Martinez (1710-1785). Aici a \u00eenv\u0103\u021bat gravur\u0103 \u0219i desen, astfel c\u0103 a \u00eenceput s\u0103 reproduc\u0103 opere ale arti\u0219tilor Rena\u0219terii italiene. \u00cencercarea sa de a fi admis la Academia de Arte s-a soldat cu un e\u0219ec, de dou\u0103 ori, \u0219i a decis s\u0103 lucreze \u00een atelierul lui Francisco Bayeu.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00cen 1770, a \u00eenceput o c\u0103l\u0103torie la Madrid \u0219i \u00een Italia, la Roma, unde s-a familiarizat \u00eendeaproape cu operele mae\u0219trilor italieni \u0219i a \u00eenceput s\u0103 creeze picturi reprezent\u00e2nd subiecte mitologice. \u00cen 1772, Goya s-a \u00eentors \u00een Spania \u0219i a fost angajat s\u0103 picteze Catedrala-Bazilica Maicii Domnului din St\u00e2lp, din Zaragoza, cu o fresc\u0103 numit\u0103 \"Adora\u021bia Numelui lui Dumnezeu\" \u0219i, \u00een cursul aceluia\u0219i an, artistul s-a c\u0103s\u0103torit cu Josefa Bayeu, sora artistului Francisco Bayeu. Picturile lui Goya \u00eenf\u0103\u021bi\u0219au teme diverse, precum via\u021ba rural\u0103, v\u00e2n\u0103toarea, dar \u0219i oameni din clasele inferioare ale societ\u0103\u021bii spaniole, \u0219i anume \"majos\" \u0219i \"majas\".<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00cen 1779, Goya a fost admis la Academia San Fernando, av\u00e2nd ca lucrare de primire \"Hristos r\u0103stignit\", \u00een timp ce \u00een 1785 a fost numit director adjunct al Academiei. Mai mult, \u00een 1786, Francisco Goya a fost numit pictor al regelui \u0219i a \u00eenceput s\u0103 creeze portrete oficiale, precum \u0219i alte lucr\u0103ri care descriu familia regal\u0103.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" class=\" translation-block\">La v\u00e2rsta de 46 de ani, Francisco Goya a \u00eenceput s\u0103 sufere de dureri de cap, ame\u021beli, tinitus, parez\u0103 la bra\u021bul drept, afec\u021biune sever\u0103 a vederii care a dus la orbire. Aceast\u0103 boal\u0103 teribil\u0103 l-a l\u0103sat surd \u00een 1793. Dup\u0103 ce a lucrat timp de 6 ani, seria  <strong>\"Capriciile\"<\/strong> cuprinz\u00e2nd 80 de lucr\u0103ri este lansat\u0103 \u00een 1799. Cu privire la <strong>\"Capriciile\"<\/strong>, Goya \u00eensu\u0219i a afirmat: \"Lumea este o mascarad\u0103. Privirea, \u00eembr\u0103c\u0103mintea \u0219i vocea, totul este doar pref\u0103c\u0103torie. Fiecare vrea s\u0103 par\u0103 a fi ceea ce nu este. Toat\u0103 lumea se \u00een\u0219al\u0103 \u0219i nimeni nu se cunoa\u0219te niciodat\u0103 pe sine\".<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" class=\" translation-block\">Deoarece Inchizi\u021bia nu vedea cu ochi buni <strong>\"Capriciile\"<\/strong>, \u00een 1803 Goya a donat regelui Carol al IV-lea al Spaniei toate pl\u0103cile de cupru \u0219i restul lucr\u0103rilor nev\u00e2ndute, evit\u00e2nd astfel un posibil proces.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" class=\" translation-block\">Ulterior, \u00een timpul r\u0103zboiului care a urmat invaziei napoleoniene, \u00een 1808, fiind foarte tulburat de acesta, Goya a creat dou\u0103 capodopere care sunt expuse \u00een Muzeul Prado, \u0219i anume <strong>\"Dos de Mayo\"<\/strong> \u0219i <strong>\"El Tres de Mayo\"<\/strong>. \u00cen 1810, Goya a \u00eenceput s\u0103 creeze o serie de gravuri <strong>\"Dezastrele r\u0103zboiului\"<\/strong>, prin care \u0219i-a prezentat viziunea cu privire la evenimentele tragice la care a asistat poporul spaniol.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" class=\" translation-block\">Prima edi\u021bie a <strong>\"Dezastrelor r\u0103zboiului\"<\/strong>, care era compus\u0103 din 500 de gravuri, a fost publicat\u0103 \u00een 1863 la ini\u021biativa Academiei San Fernando, la 35 de ani de la moartea sa. A doua edi\u021bie a ap\u0103rut \u00een 1892, tot la ini\u021biativa Academiei San Fernando, \u00een timp ce alte 5 edi\u021bii au fost publicate la Madrid \u00een 1903, 1906, 1923, 1930 \u0219i 1937.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" class=\" translation-block\">Dup\u0103 decesul so\u021biei sale \u00een 1816, artistul a \u00eenceput s\u0103 se concentreze \u0219i a creat o nou\u0103 serie numit\u0103 <strong>\"La Tauromaquia''<\/strong>, cuprinz\u00e2nd 33 de gravuri pe care le-a publicat \u00een cursul aceluia\u0219i an. Goya, care era foarte pasionat de luptele cu tauri, a vizat \u00een primul r\u00e2nd entuzia\u0219tii acestor evenimente.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" class=\" translation-block\">Dup\u0103 moartea sa, au fost publicate mai multe edi\u021bii, \u00een timp ce a treia edi\u021bie Loizelet (1876) a inclus 7 gravuri noi, marcate de la A la G. Goya s-a stins din via\u021b\u0103 \u00een 1828 la Bordeaux, l\u0103s\u00e2nd \u00een urm\u0103 adev\u0103rate capodopere care vor intra \u00een aten\u021bia publicului \u0219i vor in\ufb02uen\u021ba arta secolului al XIX-lea.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" class=\" translation-block\">\u00cen aceast\u0103 expozi\u021bie ve\u021bi g\u0103si 79 de lucr\u0103ri din cele trei serii principale, <strong>\"Capriciile\"<\/strong>, <strong>\"Dezastrele r\u0103zboiului\"<\/strong>, <strong>\"La Tauromaquia\"<\/strong>, fiecare lucrare av\u00e2nd edi\u021bia men\u021bionat\u0103 \u00een descriere.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"vc_column_container col-md-2\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper vc_column-inner\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Francisco Jos\u00e9 de Goya y Lucientes was born on the 30th of March 1746, in Fuendeodos, near Saragossa, Aragon province, to a lower-middle class family. After learning to read and write, at 14 years of age he began a 4-5 years' apprenticeship to a painter, namely Jose Luzan Martinez (1710-1785). Here, he learned printmaking and [...]","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":307,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-326","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gs-art.ro\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/326","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gs-art.ro\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gs-art.ro\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gs-art.ro\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gs-art.ro\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=326"}],"version-history":[{"count":40,"href":"https:\/\/gs-art.ro\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/326\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2377,"href":"https:\/\/gs-art.ro\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/326\/revisions\/2377"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gs-art.ro\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/307"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gs-art.ro\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=326"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}